US Dollar Strength May Hinge Upon Risk Trends Once Again

The US dollar ended the week mixed across the majors, as the currency tumbled against the British pound, which was strong across the board, but also slipped versus some of the commodity dollars on a brief pick up in risk appetite. However, the US dollar’s biggest rally of the week was on Friday, after data showed that US non-farm payrolls fell by a whopping 524,000 in December and brought the cumulative total of job losses in 2008 to 2.589 million, the most since 1945. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate rose more than expected to a 16-year high of 7.2 percent from 6.8 percent. So why did the US dollar rally in response? There are a few reasons. First, most of the major currency pairs remain within massive ranges, but major support levels for the US dollar helped to stabilize its decline. From a fundamental perspective, it is necessary to consider the fact that interest rates in the US can't really go any lower since the Federal Reserve has already cut the fed funds target to a record low range of 0.0 percent - 0.25 percent, and it is that interest rate dynamic (or lack of it), that is allowing the greenback to brush off this abysmal data. Furthermore, a sharp drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and surge in the Japanese yen on the same day suggest that risk aversion is lingering in the financial markets.

When looking ahead to the next week of trading, it will be important to keep the status of risk trends in mind, especially given the event risk on hand. On Tuesday morning, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke is scheduled to speak in London on the financial crisis and policy response, and this could prove to be one of the biggest market-movers of the week due to its potential impact on risk sentiment. If Chairman Bernanke is bearish on prospects for the financial markets and global economy, his comments could have very negative repercussions for the stock markets, and we could see flight-to-quality spark demand for Treasuries, the US dollar, and Japanese yen. On the other hand, if he announces a new type of policy action or if he manages to inspire confidence that conditions will not get significantly worse, risky assets could rally.

Other indicators to watch include advance retail sales, which are forecasted to show that US retail sales fell negative for the sixth straight month in December. This is particularly negative because the holiday shopping season is supposed to be a boon for retailers, but even the most aggressive discounting wasn’t able to offset the impact of a deteriorating labor market, tighter credit conditions, and a year-long recession. Meanwhile, the release of the December reading of the US Consumer Price Index (CPI) could lead the term “deflation” to be used abundantly in coming weeks and months. Indeed, CPI is forecasted to have plunged 0.9 percent during December while the annual rate is anticipated to have fallen negative for the first time since 1955 by 0.1 percent. Excluding volatile food and energy prices, though, core CPI may have risen a slight 0.1 percent during the month, leaving the annual rate to edge down to a more than 4-year low of 1.9 percent from 2.0 percent. Overall, the news could weigh on the US dollar if the headline CPI figure does indeed fall negative.